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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa If you're a coffee lover you're likely to know that different kinds of beans can produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa. Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and more tart flavor profile and are often added to blends of beans to add depth. Arabica Arabica is the world's most popular coffee and accounts for 75% of the world's coffee bean production. Arabica beans are sweeter and less acidic than Robusta, and come in various flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a cup of coffee can differ widely depending on the growing conditions and processing methods employed to make it. The word “coffee” is derived from the Arabic word meaning berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow within bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were energized after eating berries. The cultivation of coffee spread quickly all over the world. Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes and flourish in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best tasting type of coffee. Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on ethically sourced arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees that are suitable for many brewing methods. Blending gives control over the aroma, taste and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is usually preferred to achieve a consistent and balanced taste that appeals a wide market. Robusta Robusta beans are the second most popular kind of coffee bean around the world. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the process of brewing coffee and can cause undesirable flavors. The plant itself is more durable than arabica and is able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and does well in direct sun. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective plant to cultivate. Although it might appear counterintuitive Robusta beans are frequently blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag it's likely there's some robusta in there as well. Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and preserve the quality. In order to preserve the integrity of the flavor, it's essential to select a premium beans from a source you are confident in. coffee beans types can be accomplished by purchasing your beans directly from a farmer. Liberica Liberica beans are more or less football shaped, which makes them distinct from other coffee bean types. They have a smell that is floral, fruity and smoky. They are added to other coffee bean types to provide them with a more rich, more robust taste. Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They also have a much better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta. These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. On the internet, you can purchase the seeds from many sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to guarantee quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils with a moderately acidic pH and sufficient annual rainfall. Excelsa is another type of coffee bean. It was originally classified as a distinct species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on 20-30 foot coffee plants that are situated at medium altitudes. Their unique taste is both tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for blends in the home. They have a lighter scent and a lower caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a unique depth of flavor. Excelsa Excelsa coffee beans aren't as common as Arabica and Robusta although they're fourth popular. They were considered to be to be a different species of coffee up until 2006, when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. The coffee beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and carry an intriguing dark flavor. They're often used in blends to provide extra body and a rich tart, ripe fruit taste. Arabica beans are the most well-known and are known for their sweeter flavor. They thrive in tropical and warm climates and high altitudes. They also have a hint of acidity. If brewed and roasted correctly they may have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit. Robusta is a close second to Arabica and is responsible for about 40 percent of the world's coffee. These beans are smaller and rounder but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody overtones. After learning about the four most commonly used types and their characteristics, it's time to pick your favorite drink. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste opt for an arabica or a blend comprised of robusta and arabica beans.